The Roles of Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson and Ridge Terrace in Reducing Soil Erosion and Nutrient Losses in Oil Palm Plantation in South Lampung, Indonesia
Yenni Asbur*A, Sudirman YahyaB, Kukuh MurtilaksonoC, SudradjatB, Edy Sigit SutartaD
A Department of Agrotechnology, Islamic University of North Sumatra, Gedung Johor, Medan 20144, Indonesia B Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia C Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia D Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, Kampung Baru, Medan 20158, North Sumatra, Indonesia
*Corresponding author; email: [email protected]
Abstract
Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson is a weed commonly found on oil palm plantations and can be used as cover crop for mature oil palm plantations due to its tolerance to shading. The use of cover crop is a soil conservation technique to support sustainable availability of soil nutrients by reducing erosion and nutrients loss, particularly during the rainy seasons. This research aims to determine the roles of A. gangetica as cover crop for measures against erosion and nutrients loss in mature oil palm plantation. This research was conducted in oil palm plantation, Unit Rejosari, PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) VII, District of Natar, South Lampung Regency from August 2014 to April 2015. The research used split block design in randomized complete block design with two factors and six replications. The main plots were ridge terrace, namely with and without ridge terrace. The sub plots were cover crops, namely with and without cover crops A. gangetica. The results show that using A. gangetica as cover crops in mature oil palm plantations effectively minimized erosion and loss of organic C, N, P, and K by 95.7%, 93.4%, 96.0%, and 90.0 %, respectively. The use of cover crop became more effective when combined with ridge terrace and reduced erosion by 94.1%, and loss of organic C, N, P and K by 99.1%, 99.2%, 90.0% and 98.5%, respectively.
Keywords : carbon-organic, cover crops, kalium, natrium, phosphat
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OPTIMALISASI PRODUKSI JAGUNG MANIS DENGAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK BERIMBANG ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK
Yenni Asbur1*, Yayuk Purwaningrum
Program Studi Pascasarjana Fakultas Pertanian USU Medan, 20155 *Corresponding author : [email protected]
ABSTRAK
Produktivitas jagung manis saat ini belum mencapai hasil optimal, sehingga dibperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkannya, salah satunya melalui pemupukan berimbang organik dan anorganik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemupukan berimbang organik dan anorganik yang tepat untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung manis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Balai Benih Induk Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) satu Faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Pemupukan berimbang organik dan anorganik yang diberikan terdiri dari 9 taraf, yaitu :100 kg/ha NPK + 5 t/ha pupuk kandang sapi diberikan pada saat tanam, 100 kg/ha NPK + 10 t/ha pupuk kandang sapi diberikan pada satu minggu sebelum tanam, 100 kg/ha NPK + 15 t/ha pupuk kandang sapi diberikan pada pada dua minggu sebelum tanam, 200 kg/ha NPK + 5 t/ha pupuk kandang sapi diberikan pada saat tanam, 200 kg/ha NPK + 10 t/ha pupuk kandang sapi diberikan satu minggu sebelum tanam, 200 kg/ha NPK + 15 t/ha pupuk kandang sapi diberikan pada dua minggu sebelum tanam, 300 kg/ha NPK + 5 t/ha pupuk kandang sapi diberikan pada saat tanam, 300 kg/ha NPK + 10 t/ha pupuk kandang sapi diberikan satu minggu sebelum tanam, dan 300 kg NPK + 15 t/ha pupuk kandang sapi diberikan pada dua minggu sebelum tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk berimbang organik dan anorganik dengan dosis 200 kg/ha NPK + 10 t/ha pupuk kandang sapi yang diberikan satu minggu sebelum tanaman mampu menghasilkan berat tongkol dan panjang tongkol tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Berdasarkan pemetaan dua dimensi, produksi jagung manis yang meliputi berat tongkol, diameter tongkol dan panjang tongkol dipengaruhi oleh jumlah daun dibandingkan tinggi tanaman.
Keywords : pupuk NPK, pupuk kandang sapi, jagung manis
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The Role of Soil Conservation to Soil Carbon Stocks, Organic Matter,and Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis jacq.) Growth
Asbur,Y. ∙ M.Ariyanti
Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara
Abstract
Two methods for Soil conservation in oil palm plantations are by vegetatively and mechanically. Vegetatively method is generally using plants that grow at oil palm plantation such as Asystasia gangetica and Nephrolepis biserrata as cover crop, while mechanically is develop the ridge terrace by cutting the slope. This research aims to determine the role of soil conservation on soil carbon stock, organic matter, and oil palm growth. The research was conducted in mature oil palm plantation (planted year 2005), PTPN VII, South Lampung from August, 2014 until Aprl, 2015.The research used nested design with 6 repetitions nested in each treatment. The treatment consists of a ridge terrace (without and with ridge terrace), and cover crop (without and with cover crop N.biserrata, andA.gangetica). The results showed that the soil conservation application using cover crop and ridge terrace increased carbon stock and soil organic matter compared without soil conservation, respectively of 4.44 t/ha and 0.69% (N.biserrata without ridge terrace); 5.28 t/ha and 0.83% (A.gangetica without ridge terrace); 7.04 t/ha and 1.10% (ridge terrace without cover crop); 10.45 t/ha and 1.64% (N.biserrata with ridge terrace); 11.33 t/ha and 1.78% (A.gangetica without ridge terrace). Soil conservation application also affects the growth of oil palm, especially the average of rachis lengthandthenumberofbrokenleaves.
Keywords :Nephrolepis biserrata, Asystasia gangetica, covercrop, ridgeterrace
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Utilization andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) for producing plant essential oils
Asbur, Y ∙ Khairunnisyah
Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara
Abstract
Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) is one of the most widely used herbs in Toba Samosir and North Tapanuli, North Sumatera, at an altitude of 1,500 m asl, found growing wild in the Tapanuli area and used as spices in traditional Batak Angkola and Batak Mandailing. Beside North Sumatra, andaliman belonging to the family Rutaceae (family of oranges) is also found in India, China, and Tibet. This study was aimed to study the role of andaliman plants as a source of essential oils. Research method used was literature review from various resources, then understand, analyze, and discussed the results. The results of literature studies shown that andaliman are widely used as cooking spices for various cuisines because the content of citrus-colored citrus oil and has a spicy flavor like pepper. In addition, the essential oil from andaliman can also be used as an antimicrobial that can be utilizedasafoodpreservative.
Keywords : Andaliman,essentialoil,food preservative
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